If you’re new to skateboarding, you might be wondering, “What exactly goes into making a skateboard?” It’s not just a wooden plank with wheels—there’s so much more! Understanding the parts of a skateboard is key to choosing the right one and mastering the art of skating.
Whether you’re a beginner buying your first board, a parent picking out the perfect gift, or an enthusiast looking to upgrade your setup, this guide will break down all the essential components of a skateboard in an easy and approachable way.
By the time you finish reading, you’ll know how each part contributes to your skateboard’s performance, safety, and style. Ready to dive in? Let’s roll!
The Deck: The Foundation of Every Skateboard
The deck is the centerpiece of your skateboard—it’s where all the magic happens! This flat board is where you stand, perform tricks, and express your style through graphics and customizations.
What Is a Deck?
The deck is the wooden board on which you ride. It’s often made of 7-ply maple wood, which strikes a balance between flexibility and durability. Some modern decks also use materials like bamboo or composite materials for added strength or eco-friendliness.
Key Features of a Deck
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Concave | The slight curve across the width of the deck, offering grip and control. |
| Nose and Tail | The front (nose) and back (tail) edges, essential for tricks and flips. |
| Width and Length | Affects balance and maneuverability—choose based on your riding style. |
Sizes and Shapes
- Standard Decks: Best for street skating and technical tricks, typically 7.5” to 8.5” wide.
- Cruiser Decks: Designed for casual riding, with a wider shape and softer wheels for comfort.
- Longboards: Perfect for downhill or long-distance cruising, offering maximum stability.
Pro Tip
Choose a deck size that matches your shoe size and intended use. For beginners, an 8” wide deck is a good starting point, offering a balance of stability and versatility.
Trucks: The Steering Mechanism
Trucks are the unsung heroes of your skateboard—they’re the T-shaped metal pieces mounted underneath the deck that allow you to steer and grind. Without trucks, your skateboard would just be a wooden plank with wheels.
What Are Trucks?
Trucks connect your wheels to the deck and are responsible for turning, grinding, and balancing your ride. They consist of several key components, each playing a vital role in performance.
Components of Skateboard Trucks
| Part | Description |
|---|---|
| Baseplate | The flat piece that bolts onto the deck. |
| Hanger | The triangular part that supports the axle and absorbs grind impacts. |
| Kingpin | The large bolt that holds the truck components together and controls tension. |
| Bushings | Rubbery rings that cushion the kingpin and allow smooth turning. |
| Axle | The rod extending through the hanger that holds the wheels. |
Why Trucks Matter
- Turning: Trucks let you carve and turn with precision by pivoting on the bushings.
- Grinds: The hanger and axle make it possible to grind rails, ledges, and other obstacles.
- Stability: Trucks provide balance, especially during tricks or high-speed rides.
Truck Width and Compatibility
The width of your trucks should match the width of your deck for a well-balanced setup. Here’s a quick guide:
| Deck Width | Truck Width (Axle Length) |
|---|---|
| 7.5” – 8.0” | 7.5” – 8.0” |
| 8.0” – 8.5” | 8.0” – 8.5” |
| 8.5” and above | 8.5” and above |
Tips for Adjusting Trucks
- Tight Trucks: Better for stability, especially for beginners or downhill rides.
- Loose Trucks: Ideal for quick turns and carving but can feel wobbly at high speeds.
Wheels: Rolling the Skateboard
Wheels are arguably the most exciting part of the skateboard. They’re what allow you to roll smoothly across surfaces and perform tricks. The type of wheels you choose can dramatically affect your skateboarding experience, from speed to control.
What Are Skateboard Wheels?
Skateboard wheels are made of urethane, a durable and flexible material that provides the right balance of grip and smoothness. They come in various sizes, hardness levels, and shapes, depending on your skating style and terrain preferences.
Wheel Size and Hardness
| Wheel Size | Ideal For | Common Diameter (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| Small (48-50mm) | Street skating, technical tricks, and ramps | 48mm – 50mm |
| Medium (51-54mm) | Park skating, mixing tricks with some speed | 51mm – 54mm |
| Large (55-58mm) | Cruising and downhill, providing a smoother ride | 55mm – 58mm |
Wheel Hardness (Durometer)
The durometer rating indicates the hardness of your wheels, and it plays a huge role in performance. Skate wheels generally range from 78A (soft) to 101A (hard), with most street skaters using wheels between 99A and 101A. Here’s how hardness affects performance:
| Hardness | Ideal Use | Durometer Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Soft (78A-87A) | Ideal for rough terrain or cruising for a smoother ride. | 78A – 87A |
| Medium (88A-95A) | Versatile, can be used for park and street skating. | 88A – 95A |
| Hard (96A-101A) | Best for smooth pavement and technical street tricks. | 96A – 101A |
Wheel Shape and Grip
Wheels also come in different shapes, and the profile of the wheel can affect how it handles. Here’s a quick overview of common shapes:
- Square-edged Wheels: Provide more grip and stability, ideal for beginners or riders focusing on control.
- Round-edged Wheels: Offer a smoother ride, allowing for more speed and easier sliding, suitable for cruising or downhill riding.
Choosing the Right Wheels
- Street Skating: Harder wheels (99A-101A) are preferred for their durability and ability to slide across smooth surfaces.
- Park Skating: Medium wheels (52mm-54mm) are great for blending performance with comfort.
- Cruising: Softer wheels (78A-87A) are best for absorbing impact on rough surfaces, providing a smoother ride.
Bearings: Smooth and Speedy Rides
Bearings are small but mighty components that play a crucial role in your skateboard’s performance. They enable your wheels to spin freely and smoothly, which is essential for a smooth ride. Without bearings, your skateboard would be almost impossible to ride.
What Are Bearings?
Bearings are circular metal or ceramic components placed inside the wheels of your skateboard. Their primary function is to reduce friction, allowing the wheels to rotate smoothly. A good set of bearings can make the difference between a sluggish ride and one that glides effortlessly.
ABEC Ratings: What Do They Mean?
You may have noticed numbers like ABEC 3, ABEC 5, ABEC 7, and ABEC 9 on bearing packaging. These numbers refer to the Annular Bearing Engineers’ Committee (ABEC) rating system, which measures the precision and performance of the bearings. Here’s a breakdown of the ABEC rating scale:
| ABEC Rating | Precision | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| ABEC 3 | Low | Casual riders or beginners; budget-friendly options. |
| ABEC 5 | Moderate | Good for all-around use; a balanced choice. |
| ABEC 7 | High | Experienced skaters or those looking for smoother rides. |
| ABEC 9 | Very High | Professional or high-speed skaters. |
Do ABEC Ratings Matter?
While ABEC ratings are important, they aren’t the only factor that determines the quality of a bearing. Higher ABEC ratings generally indicate smoother rolling and better precision, but they may not always be necessary for every skater. For most casual skaters, ABEC 5 or 7 bearings provide a good balance of quality and cost.
Some skaters also prefer ceramic bearings. These bearings are more durable and resistant to dirt and moisture, offering a smoother ride but at a higher cost.
Bearing Maintenance Tips
Taking care of your bearings is crucial for keeping them in top shape. Here are some simple tips to ensure your bearings last longer:
- Clean Regularly: Dirt and grime can cause bearings to slow down. Use a bearing cleaner or solvent to remove dirt and keep them spinning smoothly.
- Lubricate: Bearings need lubrication to reduce friction. Use a lubricant specifically designed for skateboard bearings, and avoid over-oiling.
- Check for Wear: Bearings wear out over time. If you notice a rough or sluggish ride, it’s time to replace your bearings.
- Store Properly: After a ride, if you know you won’t be skating for a while, take your wheels off and store your bearings in a dry place to prevent rust.
Grip Tape: Traction and Control
Grip tape is one of the most essential and straightforward components of a skateboard. It serves the critical function of keeping you safely on the board, preventing slipping and giving you the control needed for tricks. Without grip tape, skateboarding would be much more difficult and dangerous.
What is Grip Tape and Why is it Important?
Grip tape is a rough, adhesive sheet that is applied to the top of the skateboard deck. Made from silicon carbide (a durable, gritty material), grip tape ensures that your feet stay firmly planted on the board, even during high-speed rides or while performing tricks.
Different Styles of Grip Tape
Grip tape comes in various styles, colors, and designs to suit your personality or performance needs. Here are some of the common options:
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Standard Black | The most common, sleek, and functional option. |
| Colored Grip Tape | Available in a range of colors like red, blue, and green. Adds style while still providing good grip. |
| Graphic Grip Tape | Features custom designs, logos, or artwork. Great for personal expression. |
| Clear Grip Tape | Offers a clear, see-through finish, allowing deck graphics to show through. |
How to Apply Grip Tape
Applying grip tape is a relatively simple task, but it does require precision for a clean, professional finish. Here’s a step-by-step guide to applying grip tape on your skateboard:
- Cut the Grip Tape to Size: First, lay the grip tape on top of the skateboard deck and trim it to match the edges of the deck.
- Peel Off the Backing: Once the grip tape is in place, carefully peel the backing off the tape, starting from one end and working your way down.
- Apply the Tape: Smoothly apply the grip tape to the top of the deck, starting at one edge and working your way across. Press it down to ensure there are no air bubbles.
- Trim the Edges: Use a sharp utility knife to trim off any excess grip tape around the edges of the deck.
- Punch Holes for Hardware: If necessary, use a screwdriver to punch small holes through the grip tape where the hardware (nuts and bolts) will be placed.
Grip Tape Maintenance
Just like any part of your skateboard, grip tape requires maintenance to ensure it stays effective. Here are some tips for keeping your grip tape in good condition:
- Clean the Grip Tape: To remove dirt and debris, use a soft brush or a piece of tape to clean the surface. Avoid using harsh chemicals, as they can damage the tape.
- Replace Worn Grip Tape: Over time, the grit can wear down, losing its effectiveness. If you notice the grip tape becoming smooth or damaged, it’s time to replace it.
- Use Grip Tape Cleaner: If the grip tape is very dirty, you can use grip tape cleaner (available at most skate shops) to restore its texture.
Customization Options for Grip Tape
Grip tape isn’t just about function—it’s also an opportunity for self-expression. Skaters often personalize their grip tape by adding custom cutouts, designs, or even layering it with different colors to match their individual style. You can also add your own flair by cutting out the shape of a logo, word, or other graphic designs.
Hardware: Holding Everything Together
While the wheels and trucks might steal the spotlight, skateboard hardware plays an equally important role in keeping your board intact and safe to ride. Skateboard hardware includes the screws, nuts, and bolts that hold the various components of your skateboard together. Without the right hardware, your board could easily fall apart while you’re riding!
What Is Skateboard Hardware?
Skateboard hardware is the collection of small but crucial components that secure the trucks to the skateboard deck and the wheels to the trucks. These include:
- Bolts (also known as screws): These attach the trucks to the deck.
- Nuts: Nuts hold the bolts in place, ensuring they don’t come loose.
- Washers: Often used between the nuts and trucks to reduce friction and keep everything tight.
Typically, hardware sets come with eight bolts and nuts (to secure both trucks) and four washers.
Standard Sizes and Types of Hardware
When shopping for skateboard hardware, it’s important to know which size and type are best suited for your skateboard setup. Here are some common options:
| Hardware Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Standard Skateboard Hardware | The most commonly used, perfect for most setups. Comes with 1″ or 1.25″ bolts. |
| Shorter Hardware | Ideal for low-profile setups or thinner decks. Typically, these are 7/8″ to 1″ bolts. |
| Longer Hardware | These bolts are used when adding riser pads or when the deck is thicker. These typically come in 1.5″ or longer. |
| Allen Hardware | Instead of using a screwdriver, these require an Allen wrench to tighten. Often preferred for smoother aesthetics or easier use. |
How to Assemble and Maintain Skateboard Hardware
Assembling skateboard hardware might sound straightforward, but securing your deck and trucks properly is crucial for your safety and the board’s performance. Here’s how to assemble skateboard hardware and keep it in top condition:
- Attaching the Trucks to the Deck:
Place your trucks on the skateboard deck, lining them up with the pre-drilled holes. Insert the bolts through the holes and tighten the nuts on the other side using a wrench or skate tool. - Tightening:
It’s essential to make sure the bolts are secure but not overly tight, as that could damage the deck or the trucks. If you are using Allen hardware, an Allen wrench is usually enough to get the right tension. - Loosening or Tightening for Performance:
Adjusting the tightness of your hardware can impact the overall performance of the board. If your trucks feel too loose, you can tighten the bolts, making your ride more stable. On the other hand, if they are too tight, you might not be able to turn or maneuver easily. - Check Regularly:
Skateboard hardware can loosen over time due to vibration and wear. Regularly check your hardware to ensure that everything is still tight and secure.
Colored and Customized Hardware
Many skateboarders like to customize their boards, and hardware is no exception. You can find hardware in different colors such as black, gold, silver, or even neon shades. Some skaters choose colored hardware to match their deck or to add a personal touch to their setup.
Additionally, custom hardware with unique designs or logos is available for those who want to stand out even more. Keep in mind that while style is great, functionality should always come first, so make sure the hardware you choose is durable and high quality.
Conclusion
We’ve covered the main components of your skateboard, from the deck to the trucks, wheels, bearings, grip tape, and hardware. Understanding these parts and how they work together is essential for beginners and enthusiasts alike. By choosing the right parts for your style and maintaining them properly, you’ll enjoy a smoother, more enjoyable ride.
Remember, your skateboard is a reflection of your skating style, and customizing it to suit your needs can make a huge difference in your performance. Don’t be afraid to experiment and find the perfect setup for you!
FAQ’s
What are the parts of a skateboard?
A skateboard has a deck, trucks, wheels, bearings, grip tape, and hardware to hold it all together. Each part plays a key role in your ride!
What is the end of a skateboard called?
The ends of a skateboard are called the nose (front) and tail (back), each designed for different tricks and riding styles!
What is every part of a skateboard truck?
A skateboard truck includes the baseplate, hanger, kingpin, bushings, axle, and pivot cup—all working together for smooth turns and stability!
What is the top of the skateboard called
The top of a skateboard is called the deck, and it’s often covered with grip tape for better traction!
